CMIP5/AMIP GCM simulations of East Asian summer monsoon   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

FENG Jinming  WEI Ting  DONG Wenjie  WU Qizhong  WANG Yongli 《大气科学进展》2014,31(4):836-850

The East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） is a distinctive component of the Asian climate system and critically influences the economy and society of the region.To understand the ability of AGCMs in capturing the major features of EASM,10 models that participated in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project/Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP5/AMIP）,which used observational SST and sea ice to drive AGCMs during the period 1979-2008,were evaluated by comparing with observations and AMIP Ⅱ simulations.The results indicated that the multi-model ensemble （MME） of CMIP5/AMIP captures the main characteristics of precipitation and monsoon circulation,and shows the best skill in EASM simulation,better than the AMIP Ⅱ MME.As for the Meiyu/Changma/Baiyu rainbelt,the intensity of rainfall is underestimated in all the models.The biases are caused by a weak western Pacific subtropical high （WPSH） and accompanying eastward southwesterly winds in group Ⅰ models,and by a too strong and west-extended WPSH as well as westerly winds in group Ⅱ models.Considerable systematic errors exist in the simulated seasonal migration of rainfall,and the notable northward jumps and rainfall persistence remain a challenge for all the models.However,the CMIP5/AMIP MME is skillful in simulating the western North Pacific monsoon index （WNPMI）.  相似文献   

2010年6月中国南方持续性强降水过程：天气系统演变和青藏高原热力作用的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李雪松  罗亚丽  管兆勇 《气象学报》2014,72(3):428-446

2010年6月中国南方发生持续性强降水,其强度与2008年6月相当,超过近年来其他年份。但是,与2008年6月相比,2010年6月对流层中低层低值系统活动在青藏高原至长江中下游地区异常频繁,副热带高压(副高)位置异常偏西、强度偏强,导致低层异常风场辐合区及强降水区域相对偏北。分析2010年6月14—24日中国南方连续出现的4次持续性强降水过程,发现南亚高压、对流层中层的中纬度槽脊和西太平洋副高以及低层切变线和东移低涡是造成持续性强降水的主要天气系统。利用WRF模式对2010年6月强降水过程实施显式对流集合模拟试验,在控制试验重现观测到的地面降水和天气系统特征的基础上,在敏感性试验中将青藏高原的地表短波反照率修改为1.0,对比两组模拟试验的结果表明:控制试验中青藏高原的地表感热加热作用使得高原及其周边地区的大气温度发生变化,相应的热成风平衡调整使得对流层低层至高层大气环流和天气系统特征发生显著变化,增强了中国南方的持续性降水。200 hPa青藏高原西部形成反气旋性环流异常,东部形成气旋性环流异常,青藏高原东部南下的冷空气加强,中国南方辐散增强;500 hPa青藏高原北部的脊加强,中国东部的槽加深,副高西北侧的西南风明显增强,从青藏高原向下游传播的正涡度也显著加强;850 hPa的低涡强烈发展并逐步东移,华南沿海的西南低空急流更为强盛,导致降水区的水汽辐合、上升运动及降水强度都增强。  相似文献   

Ensemble retrieval of atmospheric temperature profiles from AIRS     

ZHANG Jie  Zhenglong  LI  Jun  LI  Jinglong  LI 《大气科学进展》2014,31(3):559-569

ABSTRACT Satellite-based observations provide great opportunities for improving weather forecasting. Physical retrieval of atmo spheric profiles from satellite observations is sensitive to the uncertainty of the first guess and other factors. In order to improve the accuracy of the physical retrieval, an ensemble methodology was developed with an emphasis on perturbing the first guess. In the methodology, a normal probability density function （PDF） is used to select the optimal profile from the ensemble retrievals. The ensemble retrieval algorithm contains four steps： （1） regression retrieval for original first guess; （2） perturbation of the original first guess to generate new first guesses （ensemble first guesses）; （3） using the ensemble first guesses and nonlinear iterative physical retrieval to generate ensemble physical results; and （4） the final optimal profile is selected from the ensemble physical results by using PDE Temperature eigenvectors （EVs） were used to generate the pertur- bation and generate the ensemble first guess. Compared with the regular temperature profile retrievals from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder （AIRS）, the ensemble retrievals RMSE of temperature profiles selected by the PDF was reduced between 150 and 320 hPa and below 400 hPa, with a maximum improvement of 0.3 K at 400 hPa. The bias was also reduced in many layers, with a maximum improvement of 0.69 K at 460 hPa. The combined optimal （CombOpt） profile and a mean optimal （MeanOpt） profile of all ensemble physical results were improved below 150 hPa. The MeanOpt profile was better than the CombOpt profile, and was regarded as the final optimal （FinOpt） profile. This study lays the foundation for improving temperature retrievals from hyper-spectral infrared radiance measurements.  相似文献   

A new methodology for building local climate change scenarios: A case study of monthly temperature projections for Mexico City     

《Atmósfera》2014,27(4):429-449

This paper proposes a new methodology for generating climate change scenarios at the local scale based on multivariate time series models and restricted forecasting techniques. This methodology offers considerable advantages over the current statistical downscaling techniques such as: (i) it provides a better representation of climate at the local scale; (ii) it avoids the occurrence of spurious relationships between the large and local scale variables; (iii) it offers a more appropriate representation of variability in the downscaled scenarios; and (iv) it allows for compatibility assessment and combination of the information contained in both observed and simulated climate variables. Furthermore, this methodology is useful for integrating scenarios of local scale factors that affect local climate. As such, the convenience of different public policies regarding, for example, land use change or atmospheric pollution control can be evaluated in terms of their effects for amplifying or reducing climate change impacts.  相似文献   

基于CMIP6模式的黄河上游地区未来气温模拟预估     

李纯  姜彤  王艳君  缪丽娟  李溯源  陈梓延  吕嫣冉 《冰川冻土》2022,44(1):171-178

利用第六次国际耦合模式比较计划（CMIP6）提供的5个气候模式,并结合基于地面气象站的CN05.1气象资料,评估了CMIP6模式对黄河上游地区1961—2014年气温变化的模拟能力。基于7个共享社会经济路径及代表性浓度路径（SSP-RCP）组合情景,结合多模式集合平均预估了2015—2100年黄河上游地区年均气温和季平均气温的时空变化规律。结果表明：多模式集合平均能较好地模拟黄河上游地区历史平均气温的空间分布格局与年变化。7个未来情景一致表明,2015—2100年黄河上游地区年平均气温呈现波动上升趋势［0.03～0.82 ℃?（10a）^-1］。其中,低辐射强迫情景下（SSP1-1.9、SSP1-2.6及SSP4-3.4）气温先呈现增加趋势,21世纪中期到达增幅峰值,之后增温呈现放缓趋势;而中、高辐射强迫情景下（SSP2-4.5、SSP3-7.0、SSP4-6.0及SSP5-8.5）气温表现为持续上升态势。空间上,未来气温增幅显著的区域位于黄河上游西部地区;时间上,呈现夏季增温快,春季增温慢。四季增温的空间分布呈现出一致特征,表现为西部增温强于东部,北部增温强于南部。研究结果可为黄河流域水资源管理及气候变化的适应性研究提供科学依据。  相似文献   

集合预报对台风天鹅(2015)远距离暴雨的不确定性研究     

何斌  楼茂园  李海军  范晓红  陆琛莉  潘士雄 《气象》2020,46(1):15-28

2015年8月23—24日期间台风天鹅引发华东中部沿海地区出现暴雨或大暴雨天气。基于欧洲中期天气预报中心的集合预报分析导致此次远距离暴雨预报不确定的关键原因,并利用集合敏感性分析方法研究影响此次暴雨过程的主要天气系统的敏感区域,此外对暴雨发生发展的热动力机制展开探讨,主要结论包括:集合预报对此次台风天鹅引起的远距离暴雨的可预报性明显偏低,仅在暴雨发生前24 h才做出较大调整。在不同起报时次下,当台风路径的系统性偏差最小时,台风降水集合预报也最接近实况,但是进一步的分析表明,台风路径误差与降水量级之间的对应关系并不确定。不同雨量成员组间中低层环流场的对比分析表明:高空槽的预报差异是集合预报不确定的主要原因,高空槽东移加深有利于增加暴雨区的斜压不稳定,也有利于增强对流层低层的水汽输送急流带。500 hPa高度场的敏感性分析表明无论是初始场还是预报场,暴雨区平均降雨量均与高空槽的东移和加深显著相关,且随着预报时次的临近,显著相关区域向低槽下游明显扩大。此外还发现高空槽的东移有利于增强(减弱)暴雨区左(右)侧低层冷空气的强度,使得台风右侧更多暖湿气流向暴雨区输送。  相似文献   

春季中国日最高气温延伸期预报误差分析及订正     

熊敏诠  代刊  唐健 《热带气象学报》2020,36(6):795-804

数值模式直接输出和经模式后处理得到的预报误差比较,是延伸期逐日要素预报应用基础。针对中国2 583个站点在2020年春季11~30天的日最高温度预报,根据欧洲数值中心的集合预报输出,首先,使用BP-SM（Back-Propagation - Self memory）法和回归法,进行确定性预报订正效果比较;结果表明BP-SM法和回归法都明显降低了预报绝对误差;在11~14天预报中,BP-SM法得到的平均绝对误差为3.3~3.6 ℃,预报准确率超过35%,订正效果更优。其次,基于模式直接输出和BP-SM法获得的概率预报,使用CRPSS (continuous ranked probability skill score)进行了可预报性分析。结果表明,在地形复杂地区,经过订正,预报准确率明显改善。对于延伸期逐日要素预报,合理的模式后处理方法是降低预报误差和提高预报能力的重要环节。   相似文献   

基于TIGGE资料的地面气温延伸期多模式集成预报   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

崔慧慧  智协飞 《大气科学学报》2013,36(2):165-173

基于TIGGE资料中心提供的CMC、ECMWF、UKMO及NCEP四个集合预报中心2008年7月1日-9月30日北半球中纬度地区地面气温10 ～ 15 d延伸期集合预报产品,首先采用Tala-grand分布及离散度—误差关系评估了单个预报系统的预报性能,然后分别利用多模式集成平均(Ensemble Mean,EMN)、消除偏差集成平均(Bias-Removed Ensemble Mean,BREM)及多模式超级集合(Multi-model Superensemble,SUP)对地面气温进行多模式集成预报试验.由于逐日的延伸期预报准确率相对较低,因此人们更关注延伸期预报对天气过程的预报准确率.对各个集合预报系统的逐日预报资料以及逐日“观测”资料做滑动平均,并对处理后的资料进行多模式集成,最后对超级集合预报的训练期长度进行调试,以获得最佳训练期长度.结果表明,四个集合预报系统的离散度相对于均方根误差都偏小,ECMWF预报效果最好,NCEP次之,UKMO预报效果最差.EMN、BREM及SUP三种多模式集成方法的预报效果均优于单个系统且SUP对预报效果的改善最明显.滑动平均后,预报误差进一步降低,且滑动步长越长,误差越小.对于SUP的训练期,逐日预报和3d滑动平均10～12 d预报最佳训练期长度为75 d;13 ～ 15 d预报最佳训练期长度为35 d;5 d及7d滑动平均其训练期长度在各个时效均以35 d为宜.  相似文献   

CMIP5模式对辽宁省气温模拟能力及未来2℃升温阈值出现时间评估     

王涛  王乙舒  沈玉敏  王艳  赵连伟  王小桃  沈历都 《气象与环境学报》2020,36(2):49-61

利用全球气候模式、多模式集合和辽宁省气象观测数据,评估了不同典型浓度路径下19个全球气候模式和多模式集合对辽宁省气温变化模拟能力和可信度。结果表明:最优模式模拟结果优于多模式集合,具有较高的可信度。随着全球二氧化碳排放浓度增加,气温变化率和可信度呈增加趋势,首次达到2℃年份呈提前趋势,大部分站点出现在2011年之前,且出现年份越晚,升幅往往越高,反之亦然。大部分站点首次稳定到达2℃阈值开始年份在2022年之前,结束年份出现在2019—2026年,持续时间在13 a以下,开始年份均呈西早—东晚分布形势,结束时间和持续时间分布较均匀,且随着全球二氧化碳排放浓度增加,升温幅度呈上升趋势。不同典型浓度路径下各区域最高温、最低温和平均气温出现年份和变化特征均比较一致。  相似文献   

Assimilating Best Track Minimum Sea Level Pressure Data Together with Doppler Radar Data Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter for Hurricane Ike (2008) at a Cloud-Resolving Resolution          下载免费PDF全文

XUE Ming  DONG Jili 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2013,27(3):379-399

Extending an earlier study, the best track minimum sea level pressure (MSLP) data are assimilated for landfalling Hurricane Ike (2008) using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), in addition to data from two coastal ground-based Doppler radars, at a 4-km grid spacing. Treated as a sea level pressure observation, the MSLP assimilation by the EnKF enhances the hurricane warm core structure and results in a stronger and deeper analyzed vortex than that in the GFS (Global Forecast System) analysis; it also improves the subsequent 18-h hurricane intensity and track forecasts. With a 2-h total assimilation window length, the assimilation of MSLP data interpolated to 10-min intervals results in more balanced analyses with smaller subsequent forecast error growth and better intensity and track forecasts than when the data are assimilated every 60 minutes. Radar data are always assimilated at 10-min intervals. For both intensity and track forecasts, assimilating MSLP only outperforms assimilating radar reflectivity (Z) only. For intensity forecast, assimilating MSLP at 10-min intervals outperforms radar radial wind (Vr) data (assimilated at 10-min intervals), but assimilating MSLP at 60-min intervals fails to beat Vr data. For track forecast, MSLP assimilation has a slightly (noticeably) larger positive impact than Vr(Z) data. When Vr or Z is combined with MSLP, both intensity and track forecasts are improved more than the assimilation of individual observation type. When the total assimilation window length is reduced to 1h or less, the assimilation of MSLP alone even at 10-min intervals produces poorer 18-h intensity forecasts than assimilating Vr only, indicating that many assimilation cycles are needed to establish balanced analyses when MSLP data alone are assimilated; this is due to the very limited pieces of information that MSLP data provide.  相似文献